MIT Reviews Top 50 Disruptive Technology Companies for 2013

The MIT Technology Review has put together its list of 50 candidates representing innovative companies that will have a telling affect on the world this year and in years to come. Each company on the list has been chosen because it has either created a new market or challenged leadership in a market segment. Some of the companies have produced a breakthrough product or are on the edge of bringing something very new and different to the market that should prove to be disruptive. Some of the companies are just making existing technology cheaper and more accessible. Many have only been in existence for less than five years.

In assembling this year?s list MIT notes that only 15 of the 50 made the 2012 list just telling you how brutal the pace of innovation has become. The list follows in alphabetical order:

1. ABB ? Swiss-based, this company is at the forefront of developing high-voltage DC circuit breakers for integrating renewable energy into power grids.
2. Aereo ? New York based, the company is a 2010 startup that uses tiny antennas on mobile devices to stream live local TV programming to smartphones and tablets.
3. Alta Devices ? Sunnyvale, California based, this company founded in 2007 has developed flexible, ultra-efficient solar photovoltaics that can be deployed almost on any surface, anywhere.
4. Amazon ? becoming a global force for online retail offering same-day delivery in more places than ever.
5. Ambri ? a Cambridge, Massachusetts 2010 startup developing molten electrode-based battery storage capable of absorbing lots of energy and feeding it to the grid when needed.
6. Apple ? on the list this year because of Retina technology designed to dramatically enhance small screen displays.
7. Aquion Energy ? a Pittsburgh-based company that has developed inexpensive large-scale batteries for use in grid storage.
8. ARM Holdings ? a Cambridge, UK company founded in 1990 that expanded from chip design into tablet, PC and server processors in 2013.
9. Audi -? the German car manufacturer who developed a laser-scanning road detector for its models to make them safer and more autonomous.
10. BGI -? the Chinese-based company that is making genome sequencing an affordable service.
11. BrightSource Energy ? an Oakland, California company that is building and planning to open the world?s largest thermal solar plant just outside of Las Vegas.
12. Corning ? this 162 year-old American company has developed a new kind of glass that is both flexible and strong for use in touch-screen devices.
13. Coursera ? founded in 2011 and located in Mountainview, California, the company is offering free college courses online that adjust to student individual needs.
14. CrowdStrike ? also founded in 2011, located in Irvine, California, the company has developed virus detection software that is better at detecting attacks and identifying attack sources.
15. Diagnostics For All ? founded in 2007 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, this company has developed super-cheap paper-based health tests for use in the Developing World.
16. Dow Chemical ? this 116 year-old firm has developed photovoltaic roof shingle materials making every roof a solar power source.
17. Facebook ? the social networking giant developed innovative applications that correlate online and offline activity.
18. Factual ? a Los Angeles based company founded in 2007 that is collecting and analyzing large data sets to create an online knowledge repository accessible by many software applications.
19. Foundation Medicine ? located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, this 2010 company has developed a genetic test for cancer treatment that helps doctors personalize the drugs used in therapy.
20. General Electric ? 123 years old and still going strong, the company made the list because of a new gas turbine designed to ramp up quickly when renewable wind and solar power is unavailable to the grid.
21. Google ? the search giant is now the smartphone software giant with its applications and operating systems making mobile devices cheaper and better.
22. IBM ? around for 102 years, this year IBM developed nano-circuitry that transmits data with light which will lead to the next generation of hardware computing technology.
23. Illumina ? around for 15 years the company has driven down the cost of DNA sequencing creating a new market for genomics.
24. InMobi ? headquartered in Singapore, this 2007 company is offering an alternative to Google and Apple mobile advertising.
25. Intel ? the personal computer chip giant has developed a new generation of powerful, high-performance mobile processors.
26. Kymeta ? founded in 2012, this Redmond, Washington company is developing small satellite antennas to replace the traditional dish, making it possible to offer broadband satellite service almost anywhere including planes, trains and cars.
27. Leap Motion -? only 3 years old, the company, located in San Francisco, has developed a $70 control technology that allows users to interact with computers by gesture.
28. MC10 ? this 5 year-old company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is developing stretchable, wearable electronics for sports and medical applications.
29. Microsoft ? for Windows 8 combining touch and traditional computing technology.
30. MLB Advanced Media ? that MLB is Major League Baseball and the company, founded in 2000, is making live baseball available on mobile devices.
31. Mozilla ? the open source operating system company that this year brought Firefox to smartphones making the web accessible to everyone in the world through its free browser.
32. Nest ? founded in 2010, this Palo Alto company developed an AI thermostat that learns user preferences and then implements them.
33. Novartis ? headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, the drug giant is developing new manufacturing processes designed to produce customized medications combining compounds faster and in novel ways.
34. Nuance Communication ? around for 21 years, this company is a leader in speech recognition technology and is now developing applications for automobiles and game devices.
35. Path ? a 2010 San Francisco-based company that is developing a personal business and family social networking application for smartphones attracting over 2 million users.
36. Philips ? this 122 year-old company located in Amsterdam is revolutionizing LED light bulbs making them more affordable and intelligent so that they can be controlled remotely by smartphones and tablets.
37. Pinterest ? a different take on social networking built around images, the company, founded in 2010, is headquartered in San Francisco.
38. Rethink Robotics ? the developers of Baxter, the low-cost, small manufacturer robot that can be taught to work a variety of jobs alongside humans.
39. Safaricom ? is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya and provides a mobile lending service that is challenging traditional banks in Africa.
40. Samsung ? this South Korean electronics giant is the world leader in smartphones and second to Apple in tablets.
41. Semprius ? founded in 2005, this Durham, North Carolina company has developed highly efficient solar power technology by using tiny lenses to concentrate sunlight.
42. Siemens ? this 166 year-0ld company builds all kinds of technology and lately is developing the turnkey battery and wind technologies that are pushing Germany to the forefront in implementing a comprehensive renewable energy strategy.
43. SpaceX ? founded in 2002, this Hawthorne, California private company is the first to successfully build and launch rocket systems and payloads into Earth orbit and successfully recover them joining a selective group of publicly funded national space carrier programs.
44. Square ? this 2009 founded San Francisco-based company has developed a mobile application for paying for things using a smartphone and a small plugin credit card reader.
45. Tencent ? the developer of China?s version of Twitter, Whatsapp-like WeChat (Weixin) service with over 200 million users and growing rapidly.
46. Toyota ? Japan?s premier car maker continues to dominate the hybrid market and this year added a plug-in version of the Prius.
47. uniQure ? founded in 1997 and located in Amsterdam, the company has developed the first gene therapy to treat a metabolic disorder.
48. Vidyo -? founded in 2005 and located in New Jersey, the company has developed compression technology for high-definition video conferencing on smartphones.
49. VMware ? founded in 1998 the company is refocusing to provide cloud-based, networking services.
50. Xerox ? 107 years old and once more reinventing itself, the company has created intelligent systems that provide a service that changes the price of parking spots as demand fluctuates.

Did MIT miss any company that you think deserves to be on this list? Send me your candidates and the reasons why you think MIT goofed.

Source: http://www.21stcentech.com/mit-technology-review-lists-50-disruptive-companies-2013/

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UN says 20 peacekeepers detained on Golan Heights

UNITED NATIONS (AP) ? The United Nations said Wednesday about 20 peacekeepers in the force charged with monitoring the cease-fire between Israel and Syrian troops on the Golan Heights were detained by approximately 30 armed fighters.

U.N. deputy spokesman Eduardo del Buey said the U.N. observers were on a regular supply mission earlier Wednesday when they were stopped near an observation post that sustained damage and was evacuated last weekend following heavy combat.

He said the U.N. peacekeeping mission, known as UNDOF, has dispatched a team to assess the situation and attempt a resolution.

Video circulated by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights claims to show Syrian rebels detaining UNDOF peacekeepers in the city of Daraa.

The rebels, according to the report, accuse the peacekeepers of assisting the Syrian regime in redeploying in an area near the Golan which the fighters had seized few days ago in battles that led to the death of 11 fighters and 19 regime forces.

The Observatory said the peacekeepers being held by the rebels are 20 Filipinos. It said they would not be released until regime forces withdraw from a village called Jamla.

The U.N. force was established in 1974 following the 1973 Yom Kippur war to monitor the disengagement of Israeli and Syrian forces and maintain the cease-fire. Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria in 1967 and Syria wants the land returned in exchange for peace.

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has warned of escalating military activity along the Israeli-Syrian border as a result of the intensifying Syrian conflict, which has gone on for two years and cost more than 70,000 lives.

In December, Ban accused the Syrian government of serious violations of the 1974 separation agreement and called on both countries to halt firing across the cease-fire line. He also cited numerous clashes between Syrian security forces and opposition fighters in the disengagement zone.

In response, he said, UNDOF has adopted a number of security measures.

___

Associated Press Writer Zeina Karam contributed to this report from Beirut

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-03-06-UN-Syria-Israel/id-b9cb5906c44b41268b750b66904ef4b3

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Emblaze Mobile's ex-CEO: First Else was eventually ready but the market had changed

We were rather heartbroken when Emblaze Mobile announced the premature death of its First Else project back in June 2010, with the culprit being "critical delays in deliveries;" so when we caught up with ex-CEO Amir Kupervas -- who's now running a startup called UIU -- at MWC, we had to see if he had anything to add to the sad story. "It was ambitious for a small Israeli company to come into consumer electronics, build a brand and try to push it," Kupervas emphasized. "When we started this project it wasn't about ecosystem and apps and things like that. Eventually the iPhone came with its app store, and then Android came with its app store, and we were left behind."

Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/NU6F9al4-tQ/

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Firm says 90% chance BlackBerry 10 flops

BlackBerry 10

Industry watchers are still mixed on whether or not BlackBerry (BBRY) can pull off the incredible comeback it is currently attempting. Some big firms are seeing signs of life while others maintain their position that BlackBerry is a sinking ship. Count Connecticut-based equity research firm MKM Partners in the latter category. In a recent note to clients, MKM analyst?Michael Genovese cut his outlook on BlackBerry shares and said there is now a 90% chance?BlackBerry 10 will flop.

[More from BGR: Did Barnes & Noble just kill off Nook?]

?We have been testing the Z10 and like the operating system, especially the touchscreen BB10 keyboard predictive text functionality, but we do not think it is differentiated enough to save the brand,? Genovese wrote. ?The Z10 hardware seems bulky and heavy, but the biggest problem by far is the lack of available applications for BB10.?

[More from BGR: Samsung confirms Galaxy S IV will debut on March 14th]

The analyst says that based on his digging, fewer than 10% of the top-100 Android apps and fewer than 5% of the most popular iPhone apps are available on BlackBerry?s new platform. ?Not a single top-50-grossing app on Android or the iPhone can be acquired for the Z10,??Genovese noted.

MKM cut its rating on BlackBerry shares from Neutral to Sell with a $10 price target, down from $12.

?Our new price target reflects the lower probability of success we attribute to BlackBerry 10 following our testing of the Z10 and observing BB10?s momentum stall out in the U.K. after only a few weeks,? Genovese wrote. ?We reduce the estimated probability that BB10 will be a success and the stock will appreciate to $40 to 10% from 15% and increase the estimated probability that BB10 will fail and the stock will decline to $7 to 90% from 85%.?

MKM now sees February-quarter BlackBerry Z10 channel sales totaling?400,000 units, down from its earlier estimate of 1.5 million.

This article was originally published on BGR.com

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/firm-says-90-chance-blackberry-10-flops-155528252.html

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SHOW BITS: Oscar is a trip for Jennifer Lawrence

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Show Bits brings you the 85th annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles through the eyes of Associated Press journalists. Follow them on Twitter where available with the handles listed after each item.

___

OSCAR IS TRIP FOR LAWRENCE

Jennifer Lawrence's performance in "Silver Linings Playbook" was flawless enough to capture the best actress Oscar. She wasn't so adroit in claiming the trophy.

Lawrence stumbled as she took the steps to the Oscar stage, falling to her knees in her flowing Dior gown. That drew a sympathetic ovation from the auditorium.

She remained endearingly flustered during her acceptance speech, thanking her family, those who worked with her on the film and wishing a "Happy Birthday" to a fellow nominee, Emmanuelle Riva of "Amour," who turned 86.

"Look at this dress. I tried to walk up stairs in this dress," Lawrence said of her white, floor-length gown. "I think I stepped on the fabric and they wax the stairs."

Lawrence said she thought of a "bad word" to say when she tumbled but kept it to herself.

She had already been bleeped by ABC when she let loose with a four-letter word while joking with Kristin Chenoweth on the red carpet.

Asked how she got ready for the day, Lawrence said it was "chaotic" from the start, with her family taking over the house to prepare for the big evening.

After fumbling for a more descriptive answer, she apologized: "I'm sorry. I did a shot."

? Lynn Elber ? Twitter http://twitter.com/lynnelber

___

QUICKQUOTE: BEN AFFLECK

"I want to thank you for working on our marriage for 10 Christmases. It's good, it is work, but it's the best kind of work. There's no one I'd rather work with." ? Ben Affleck, thanking his wife, Jennifer Garner, as he accepted the best picture Oscar for "Argo."

? Christina Hoag.

___

ACTING GODS, TOGETHER

For a moment, it looked the Oscar stage had turned into the Mount Olympus of acting.

There stood the two reigning gods of the art, the man and the woman generally considered to be at the very top in the field today: Daniel Day-Lewis and Meryl Streep.

Though he's not known for comedy, Day-Lewis got a big laugh when he turned to Streep, who had just presented him his third best-actor trophy, and said he'd actually originally been slated to play Margaret Thatcher, the role Streep won the Oscar for last year in "The Iron Lady."

And, he added, Streep had actually been director Steven Spielberg's original choice for Abraham Lincoln.

"I'd like to see that version," Day-Lewis quipped.

With his win for "Lincoln," Day-Lewis became the first person to win three best-actor Oscars. Streep has won three Oscars too, one of them as supporting actress.

? Jocelyn Noveck ? Twitter http://twitter.com/JocelynNoveckAP

___

QUICKQUOTE: DANIEL DAY-LEWIS

"I love it when people are completely inarticulate giving speeches because it says the same thing in a different way"? Daniel Day-Lewis backstage, discussing the unpolished thank you's he gave after winning the lead actor award for "Lincoln."

? Hannah Dreier ? http://www.twitter.com/hannahdreier

___

ONION CRITICIZED FOR JOKE

A tweet from The Onion about the 9-year-old star of "Beasts of the Southern Wild" is drawing criticism for being tasteless, even amid the constant social media satire of the Oscars.

The satirical newspaper called Quvenzhane (kwuh-VEHN'-juh-nay) Wallis an expletive intended to denigrate women. The joke was meant to parody how beloved Quvenzhane is, but many thought the language inappropriate for discussing a child.

The Onion deleted the tweet about an hour after it was posted. Still, that was enough time to create a firestorm online, with many saying the remark crossed a line.

A spokeswoman for The Onion didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.

Not everyone thought the tweet went too far: It was retweeted more than 500 times and favorited by some 400 before being deleted.

? Jake Coyle ? http://twitter.com/jake_coyle

___

MASTER-FUL EXIT

In recent years, everyone would head for the door as soon as the best picture winner ? the last Oscar category in the show ? was announced, leaving the winner with an empty room to thank.

This year, organizers hoped to get attendees to stick around until the end of the show for a closing performance from Seth MacFarlane and Kristin Chenoweth, which was dedicated to all the evening's Oscar losers.

"Ladies and gentleman, we ask that you remain in your seats after the last award for a very special closing number," a female announcer calmly announced during the show's final commercial break.

Well, one pair of "losers" weren't interested. "The Master" stars Joaquin Phoenix and Philip Seymour Hoffman bolted for the door at the beginning of the song.

? Derrik J. Lang ? Twitter http://twitter.com/derrikjlang

___

THANKING THE 'MOVIE GOD'

Ang Lee had his priorities in order when he gave one of his first thank you's to the "movie god."

The Taiwanese director pulled off a huge upset when he won an Academy Award for directing "Life of Pi." He beat out front-runner and two-time Oscar winner Steven Spielberg.

Lee also gave a shoutout to the shipwreck story's lead actor, Suraj Sharma, but didn't thank the rest of the cast by name.

"I cannot waste this time talking about them," he said sheepishly.

He did slip in a quick mention of his agent, his lawyer and of course his wife.

"I have to do that," he said.

? Hannah Dreier ? Twitter http://twitter.com/hannahdreier

___

THE AVENGERS REUNITE

Just like the superheroes they played in the movie, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Robert Downey Jr., Jeremy Renner and Samuel L. Jackson huddled together backstage to get a plan together and of course joke around.

Downey suggested the stars of "The Avengers" bow as they headed onstage to make Oscar presentations. Or perhaps curtsy.

When a show worker asked Jackson to stand still so he could be wired with a microphone, the actor faced a backstage wall and pretended he was being frisked by police.

To pass the time, the superheroes watched Melissa McCarthy and Paul Rudd from a backstage monitor.

Suddenly Ruffalo asked, "Did we miss our cue?"

"You want to go out there with them?" asked Jackson.

After presenting two awards, the actors returned backstage, where Downey quipped, "Avengers disassemble."

? Sandy Cohen ? http://www.twitter.com/apsandy

___

QUICKQUOTE: QUENTIN TARANTINO

"I'm not an American filmmaker. I'm American and I'm a filmmaker, but I make movies for planet Earth"? Quentin Tarantino, tie loosened, talking with his hands and, at one point, drifting into an Australian accent while speaking with reporters backstage after winning the Oscar for original screenplay for "Django Unchained."

? Hannah Dreier ? http://www.twitter.com/hannahdreier

___

KRISTEN STEWART HOBBLED

Kristen Stewart ditched her crutches to hobble onstage as an Oscar presenter, appearing bored and disheveled in the process.

She and Daniel Radcliffe handled one of the less glamorous awards for production design. Stewart read her lines with a slouchy insouciance.

Just before going on, Stewart left a pair of crutches in the wings and apparently the backstage hairstylists didn't get ahold of her for a brushing. Her long brunette hair looked stringy.

The reaction on Twitter was swift and severe.

"Kristen stewart are you ok? And by that I mean where were the hash brownies before u got hit by bus (hash)bruise (hash)limp," tweeted comedian-actor David Spade.

Actor Joel McHale tweeted, "Kristen Stewart is limping because she sprained her ankle from being excessively disinterested."

Backstage, Stewart ran into supporting actress winner Anne Hathaway, who noted her crutches.

"I know, I'm an idiot," Stewart replied. "But congratulations!"

"Please tell me you're going on stage with those," Hathaway said, pointing to the crutches.

"Nope. I'm gonna hobble," said Stewart, explaining that she had stepped on glass.

? Beth Harris ? http://www.twitter.com/bethharrisap

___

TONYS OR OSCARS?

Did the Oscars intentionally turn into the Tonys?

All those song-and-dance numbers weren't lost on Twitter.

"Sucks for the actors at the Oscars who can't sing ... (hash)TONYS? (hash)HollywoodGoesBroadway," Nylon magazine tweeted after a tribute to the musical "Chicago."

"Am I watching the (hash)Oscars or the (hash)Tonys? Either way I'm happy:) lol," tweeted a belter herself, Lea Michele.

? Leanne Italie ? Twitter http://twitter.com/litalie

___

NOT A MOMENT TOO SOON

As soon as Adele stepped off the stage after singing the Oscar-winning theme from "Skyfall," she kicked off her sparkly Louboutin platforms.

"I'm sorry. (Forget) that," she said, flinging the shoes onto the floor. A stagehand quickly swooped them up.

"I'd pick them up but I can't bend over," she said, motioning toward her tight beaded dress.

? Sandy Cohen ? http://www.twitter.com/APSandy .

___

CELEBRITY SCHMOOZING

It was maybe the next best thing to being there.

Down the road from the Academy Awards, musicians and models found common schmoozing ground at the Elton John AIDS Foundation's Oscar viewing dinner in West Hollywood.

Lithe supermodel Naomi Campbell sat next to music mogul Quincy Jones then gripped hands and chatted with Steven Tyler and the party host himself, Elton John.

Bono, wearing his customary tinted shades, gleefully kissed Jones on the top of his head, then hugged statuesque model Petra Nemcova.

"Elton's a warrior on the HIV, AIDS scourge, since before anyone can remember," Bono told The Associated Press. "Like Bruce Springsteen is 'the Boss', Quincy is 'the President.' He is so unique. And Elton is both 'the king' AND 'the queen.'"

? Solvej Schou ? Twitter http://www.twitter.com/Solvej_Schou

___

BASSEY HITS IT OUTTA THE PARK

For all the sparkling young starlets and the edgy new host, it was none other than Dame Shirley Bassey who truly set the joint on fire early in the Oscar telecast.

The 76-year-old singer's rendition of the theme from "Goldfinger" ? or, as she sang so memorably, "GoldfinGAH" ? was a feel-good moment that won what was at the time the biggest ovation of the night.

Bassey, who recorded the song in the '60s to great acclaim, reprised it as part of the Academy's 50th anniversary tribute to the James Bond franchise.

On social networks, as people were debating vigorously how the telecast was going, there was no question as to how Bassey did: She was an unqualified hit.

Minutes after the performance, the singer and her song were trending on Twitter.

? Jocelyn Noveck ? Twitter http://twitter.com/JocelynNoveckAP

___

QUICKQUOTE: CHRISTOPH WALTZ

"Quentin writes poetry and I like poetry." ? Supporting actor winner Christoph Waltz of "Django Unchained" about working with writer-director Quentin Tarantino.

? Beth Harris ? http://www.twitter.com/bethharrisap

___

MAYBE IT LOOKED EASY ...

Charlize Theron, Channing Tatum, Daniel Radcliffe and Joseph Gordon-Levitt were one big bundle of nerves before they took the stage for their opening song-and-dance numbers.

Radcliffe danced by himself. Theron dabbed at her eyes and Gordon-Levitt stood silently as Oscar host Seth MacFarlane delivered the Oscar show's opening monologue.

Then it was time to hit the stage.

"Thank God!" Theron said afterward as she let out a sigh of relief.

"You stepped on my dress," she told Tatum.

Radcliffe and Gordon-Levitt bear-hugged after their dance routine.

"We did all right! We did all right," they told each other.

"It felt good! How did it look?" Gordon-Levitt asked.

"Well done," Radcliffe told him.

? Sandy Cohen ? http://www.twittermcom/APSandy

___

AMY ADAMS SITTING PRETTY

To slide, plop or shimmy?

That's the dilemma that faced Amy Adams in her flowing Oscar de la Renta gown when she approached her front-row seat inside the Dolby Theatre before the Oscars began.

After greeting fellow nominee Phillip Seymour Hoffman in the row behind her with a big hug, "The Master" co-star tilted to her right side and sort of shimmied down into her seat.

While Jennifer Aniston and Samuel L. Jackson mingled with attendees nearby, Adams held court in her fluffy dove grey fabric cloud.

Across the aisle, Bradley Cooper rushed his mother to meet Jean Dujardin, who took home the best actor Oscar last year.

? Derrik J. Lang ? Twitter http://twitter.com/derrikjlang

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/show-bits-oscar-trip-jennifer-lawrence-062129754.html

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White House calls for wider access to research

FNAL

The White House directive seeks to make federally funded research easier to get to.

By Alan Boyle, Science Editor, NBC News

Responding to calls for more open access to publicly supported research, the White House has directed a wide range of federal agencies to come up with plans to make the studies they fund freely available within 12 months of publication.

In a memo issued Friday, White House science adviser John Holdren also called on agencies to develop better digital systems for managing research data. The memo comes in response to a "We the People" online petition that was created last May and has since garnered more than 65,000 signatures.

The debate over access to federally funded studies has been simmering for years. Some in the scientific community have argued that such studies should be made freely and publicly available immediately because taxpayers have footed the bill for the research. Others have voiced concern that a government requirement to distribute the studies at no cost would deal a blow to the scientific publishing industry.

"We wanted to strike?the balance between the extraordinary public benefit of increasing public access to the results of federally-funded scientific research and the need to ensure that the valuable contributions that the scientific publishing industry provides are not lost," Holdren wrote in his response to the online petition. "This policy reflects that balance, and it also provides the flexibility to make changes in the future based on experience and evidence."

Policy changes required
The 12-month deadline for open access applies only to agencies that spend more than $100 million a year on research and development. The National Institutes of Health have already been following that policy, but now other agencies such as the Defense Department, the Energy Department, the Environmental Protection Agency, NASA and the National Science Foundation will as well. Exemptions to the policy may be made for national security or legal reasons.

"Full public access will require changes in policies, procedures and practices from the many stakeholders who participate in NSF's broad research portfolio spanning all scientific and engineering disciplines," NSF Director Subra Suresh said in a statement. "We stand with our federal science colleagues, as well as our non-governmental partners, to collaborate in accomplishing this transition on behalf of science and our nation's future."

A bill currently under consideration in Congress ??known as the Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act, or FASTR?? would set a six-month time limit for providing free online public access to published research. However, the prospects for passage of that bill are uncertain. The Public Library of Science, a non-profit organization that has pioneered the open-access concept with such journals as PLOS ONE, hailed Friday's White House directive but said "we now need to take the next step and make open access the law of the land, not just the preference of the president."

One of PLOS' founders, biologist Michael Eisen of the University of California at Berkeley, delivered a sharper response in a Twitter comment: "That anyone is celebrating 12-month embargoes with no reuse rights to publicly funded research just shows how much further there is to go." He called the White House directive a "massive sellout of public interest to publishers."

The publishers of some of the best-known scientific publications, such as Science and Nature, make most of their money from institutions and individuals who purchase access to the published articles, one way or another. Open-access journals, in contrast, may?charge researchers a fee to publish their studies, and then make the studies freely available online. Alternatively, they may receive subsidies from institutions, or take contributions, or earn revenue from advertising and premium products.

The case of Aaron Swartz
The open-access debate figured in the controversial case of Internet activist Aaron Swartz, who faced federal felony charges for surreptitiously downloading more than 4 million academic papers from a controlled-access database at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2011 with the intent of making them freely available. If Swartz went to trial and was convicted, he could have been sentenced to more than 30 years in prison and fined as much as $1 million. But Swartz never went to trial. He committed suicide last month at the age of 26.

Swartz's death touched off a series of protests, as well as calls to reform the law under which Swartz was prosecuted. A piece of proposed legislation known as "Aaron's Law" seeks to decriminalize the kinds of terms-of-service violations that Swartz was alleged to have committed. ?At a memorial for Swartz held this month in Washington, Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., said he backed legislative reforms and declared that access to information is a "human right."

More about scientific publishing:

---

Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's?Facebook page, following?@b0yle on Twitter?and adding the?Cosmic Log page?to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBCNews.com's other stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out?"The Case for Pluto,"?my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

Source: http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/23/17062042-white-house-tells-agencies-to-widen-access-to-federally-funded-research?lite

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Windows 7 Download help?

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Windows 7 Download help? I am trying to get my computer up and running again, i can afford to buy a new hard drive and new ram for the computer, but as far as i know im going to need an operating system since the hard drive is empty and my old one broke. The OS costs $100+ so im looking for an alternative, the top downloads on TPB for windows are Windows 8, 7 and XP Which is better for a basic computer set up? nothing fancy, basic graphics card and mother board, i have a dell 530s What have you guys used and which is most likely to work? and which is simpler? I dont want to trash a new hard drive so any help would be greatly appreciated Thanks

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Source: https://forum.suprbay.org/showthread.php?tid=143595

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